Agroecology operationalizes the circular economy at the field level through recycling, efficiency, diversity, synergy and soil regeneration. In coconut farms in Makilala, Cotabato; Magsaysay, Davao del Sur; and Davao Occidental, the linear economy remains dominant: Farmers sell husks to coir buyers for P0.25 apiece, treating the proceeds as income even as nutrients and other farm